Historical and Culture
Although Kalkan does not appear to have been a place of significant settlement in the distant past, Kalkan's harbour was the only safe harbour between Kas and Fethiye and so became an important port during the 19th century. It was settled 150 to 200 years ago by people of both Greek and Turkish origin and was known by its Greek name "Kalamaki." Goods were transported by camel from the Xanthos valley nearby and the mountain highlands near Elmali. From Kalkan, cargo ships sailed for the far reaches of the Ottoman Empire laden with cotton, grain, wine and timber.
By the early 20th century Kalkan had become quite a sizeable village in Turkey. At the turn of the century Kalkan had its own custom's house and in 1915 there were reportedly seventeen restaurants, a goldsmith, a shoemaker and several tailors. Kalkan's first local elections were held in 1928 and in 1937 the present elementary school was opened.
Following World War I, the exchange in population between the new Turkish Republic and Greece took place in 1923 after the Turkish War of Independence. Most of Kalkan's population that were of Greek origin at the time then left Turkey. Some went to the nearby Greek island of Meis, but most were resettled near Athens. They were resettled as a community (like most Greek immigrants from Turkey) and named their new town "Kalamaki", after Kalkan's previous name.
Trading in Kalkan continued until it faded away in the 1950's due to the improvement of the Turkish road system and the adoption of overland transport. With no more sea trade, the population of Kalkan trickled away as people moved to larger coastal cities to find work. Luckily, Kalkan was saved by the arrival of wealthy English yachtsmen in the 1960's and tourism eventually became the main economy of Kalkan. Because of this, Kalkan has retained its historic charm. Strict building and preservation codes are enforced and many of Kalkan's buildings are listed.
The UNESCO world heritage site of Xanthos was Lycia's capital city for much of its history and the principal cities of Tlos, Myra, Pinara and Patara, all close to Kalkan attract visitors from all over the world to look at the ancient ruins dating back over 2000 years. The British museum also has an extensive collection of Lycian artefacts.